How Electret Condenser Microphones work – Microphones convert sound energy (sound waves) to electrical energy (an audio signal). An electret condenser microphone (ECM) consists of two plates, one fixed (back plate) and one moveable (diaphragm). There is a small gap between each plate and when sound waves hit the diaphragm, the movement causes the capacitance between the diaphragm and the back plate to change. This generates a flow of variable electric current and these .
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